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Gamma-Valerolactone
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Description
Gamma-Valerolactone
Other Names: GVL, 4-Pentanolide, Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
CAS Number: 108-29-2
Sum Formula: C₅H₈O₂
Molar Mass: 100.12 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid
Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a cyclic ester (lactone) derived from levulinic acid. It is a stable, polar aprotic solvent and chemical intermediate used in green chemistry, biomass conversion, and specialty chemical synthesis. Its physicochemical properties make it a versatile compound in modern industrial chemistry.
Chemical and Physical Properties
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Density: 1.06 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
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Melting Point: -31°C
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Boiling Point: 207°C
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Solubility in Water: Miscible
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Solubility in Other Solvents: Miscible with alcohols, ketones, and ethers
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Odor: Mild, sweet, ester-like
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Vapor Pressure: ~0.2 mmHg (at 25°C)
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Refractive Index: ~1.44
Applications
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Green Solvent: Used in environmentally friendly solvent systems for extraction and catalysis
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Bio-based Chemical Intermediate: Precursor for fuels, monomers, and fine chemicals derived from biomass
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Polymer Chemistry: Intermediate in the synthesis of bio-based resins and polyesters
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Catalysis and Reaction Medium: Suitable as a medium for acid/base-catalyzed transformations
Safety
Not Classified
First Aid Measures
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Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for several minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists
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Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing
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Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical help if symptoms develop
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Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if discomfort occurs
Handling and Storage
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Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers. Protect from moisture and ignition sources
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Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation and prolonged skin contact. Use personal protective equipment and adequate ventilation