Hold pH steady during use.
Borax Sodium tetraborate x 5H2O - 1000g
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Borax Sodium tetraborate x 5H2O - 10g
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Borax Sodium tetraborate x 5H2O - 25 000g
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Borax Sodium tetraborate x 5H2O - 5000g
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Borax Sodium tetraborate x 5H2O - 500g
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Potassium Carbonate ( K2CO3 ) Anhydrous - Drying Agent - - 1000g
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Potassium Carbonate ( K2CO3 ) Anhydrous - Drying Agent - - 100g
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Potassium Carbonate ( K2CO3 ) Anhydrous - Drying Agent - - 25 000g
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Potassium Carbonate ( K2CO3 ) Anhydrous - Drying Agent - - 5000g
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Potassium Carbonate ( K2CO3 ) Anhydrous - Drying Agent - - 500g
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Sodium Bicarbonate ( Lab reagent ) - 25 000g = 25kg bag
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Acid sodium carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) 99.7% PureLand AR Op.1000 g
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Acid sodium carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) 99.7% PureLand AR Op.250 g
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€4.00
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Acid sodium carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) 99.7% PureLand AR Op.500 g
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€5.33
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During development, pH naturally drifts: developing agents consume alkali and produce acidic byproducts; the film itself can also alter pH locally. Buffers keep pH stable so development remains predictable from first sheet/roll to last. Without buffering you might see changing contrast, uneven development, or shifts in effective speed across a batch.
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Borate and carbonate/bicarbonate systems are classic buffers.
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A well-buffered developer is more forgiving of small temperature or dilution errors.