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Guanidine Hydrochloride ( GdmCl GdnHCl GuHCl )
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Description
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Other Names: Carbamimidoylazanium chloride
CAS Number: 50-01-1
Sum Formula: CH₆ClN₃
Molar Mass: 95.53 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Guanidine hydrochloride is an organic compound widely used as a strong chaotropic agent in biochemical research and organic synthesis. It consists of a guanidinium cation and a chloride anion and is known for its ability to disrupt hydrogen bonds in proteins and nucleic acids.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: ~1.35 g/cm³ (estimated)
Melting Point: 181–183°C (with decomposition)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility in Water: Freely soluble (~2300 g/L at 25°C)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in ethanol and methanol; practically insoluble in nonpolar solvents
Odor: Odorless
Applications
Biochemical Research: Used to denature proteins and unfold RNA and DNA structures in laboratory studies.
Organic Synthesis: Employed as a precursor for heterocyclic compounds and as a reagent in the synthesis of guanidines and amidines.
Material Science: Studied for incorporation into polymer and surface coatings for specialized properties.
Analytical Chemistry: Used in assays requiring protein solubilization or to disrupt molecular interactions.
Chemical Engineering: Applied in the development of chaotropic buffers and stabilization solutions.
Safety
H302 (90.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (90.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (90.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501
Signal Word: DangerHandling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Protect from moisture, strong oxidizers, and acids.
Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation of dust and direct contact with skin or eyes. Use appropriate PPE and standard chemical safety practices.