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Chloral hydrate
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Description
Chloral Hydrate
Other Names: 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol, Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, Chlorali hydras
CAS Number: 302-17-0
Sum Formula: CCl₃CH(OH)₂
Molar Mass: 165.39 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to white crystalline solid, hygroscopic
Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol formed by the hydration of trichloroacetaldehyde (chloral). It is an organic compound with a trichloromethyl group bonded to a diol moiety and is known for its reactivity and water solubility. It has historically been used as a chemical intermediate and in laboratory reactions.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 1.91 g/cm³
Melting Point: 57°C
Boiling Point: 97°C (decomposes)
Solubility in Water: Very soluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in alcohol and ether
Odor: Faint, pungent odor
Applications
Chemical Intermediate: Used in the synthesis of chloral, chloralformates, and other derivatives.
Organic Chemistry: Reagent for electrophilic and condensation reactions.
Histology: Employed in some mounting media and tissue preparation protocols.
Polymer Chemistry: Used in studies involving cross-linking and polymer behavior.
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H301 (99%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (99%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture, acids, and strong oxidizing agents.
Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation and contact with skin or eyes. Use appropriate protective equipment and operate under good ventilation or in a fume hood.