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1,4-Butanediol
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Description
1,4-Butanediol
Other Names: Tetramethylene glycol, Butane-1,4-diol
CAS Number: 110-63-7
Sum Formula: C₄H₁₀O₂
Molar Mass: 90.12 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless, viscous liquid
1,4-Butanediol is a linear aliphatic diol with two primary hydroxyl groups. It is widely used in industrial chemistry as a solvent, intermediate in polymer production, and in synthesis of other organic compounds. Its high reactivity and solubility profile make it valuable in manufacturing plastics, elastomers, and coatings.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 1.017 g/cm³
Melting Point: 20.1°C
Boiling Point: 230°C
Solubility in Water: Miscible
Solubility in Other Solvents: Miscible with alcohols, ketones, and glycols; slightly soluble in hydrocarbons
Odor: Mild characteristic odor
Applications
Polymer Industry: Precursor for polyurethanes, polyesters (e.g., polybutylene terephthalate – PBT), and thermoplastic elastomers.
Solvent: Used in inks, coatings, adhesives, and cleaning agents.
Organic Synthesis: Intermediate in the manufacture of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Chemical Reagent: Used in various reduction and hydroxylation processes.
Safety
Signal Word: Warning
H302 (89.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H336 (70.6%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]
P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P317, P304+P340, P319, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from heat and strong oxidizers.
Handling Precautions: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Use appropriate personal protective equipment and ensure good ventilation or local exhaust.