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Alizarin
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Description
Alizarin
Other Names: 1,2-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, Alizarine, Mordant Red 11
CAS Number: 72-48-0
Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₈O₄
Molar Mass: 240.21 g/mol
Appearance: Orange to red crystalline powder
Alizarin is an organic compound derived from anthraquinone, historically used as a prominent red dye for fabrics and textiles. It has strong chelating properties, forming stable complexes with metal ions, which makes it effective in mordant dyeing. In modern applications, alizarin is primarily used in analytical chemistry and as a pigment in artistic materials.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: ~1.48 g/cm³
Melting Point: 277–280 °C (decomposes)
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and alkaline solutions
Odor: Odorless
pH (aqueous suspension): Slightly acidic
Applications
Dyeing and Pigmentation: Used in the dyeing of wool, silk, and cotton in combination with metal mordants to produce various shades.
Analytical Chemistry: Forms colored complexes with metal ions such as aluminum, calcium, and iron, useful in qualitative analysis.
Pigment Industry: Used as a red pigment in paints, printing inks, and plastics.
Research and Education: Employed in histology and microscopy to stain calcium deposits and bone tissues.
Safety
Signal Word: Warning
H302 (55.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (25.7%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (33.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501