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Ammonium Carbonate
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Description
Ammonium Carbonate
Other Names: Ammonium sesquicarbonate, Salt of hartshorn
CAS Number: 10361-29-2
Sum Formula: (NH₄)₂CO₃
Molar Mass: 96.09 g/mol
Appearance: White to colorless crystalline solid or powder
Ammonium carbonate is an inorganic compound composed of ammonium ions and carbonate ions. It is commonly used as a leavening agent, chemical reagent, and in various industrial processes where controlled decomposition into ammonia and carbon dioxide is desired.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 1.5 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes at ~58°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Solubility in Water: Soluble (103 g/L at 25°C)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in organic solvents
Odor: Strong ammonia-like odor
Applications
Chemical Reagent: Used in analytical chemistry and as a buffer component.
Textile Industry: Employed in dyeing processes to control pH.
Photographic Industry: Utilized in some developing solutions.
Cleaning Products: Ingredient in certain ammonia-based cleaning formulations.
Industrial Uses: Intermediate in the manufacture of other ammonium salts.
Safety
Signal Word: Warning
H302 (92.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H412 (22.6%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P264, P270, P273, P301+P317, P330, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture.
Handling Precautions: Avoid generating dust and inhaling vapors. Handle in a well-ventilated environment and use appropriate personal protective equipment.