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Mercuric Chloride Mercury (II) Chloride HgCl2
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 Chloride HgCl2 "Pin It")
Description
Mercury(II) Chloride
Other Names: Mercury bichloride, Corrosive sublimate, Abavit, Mercuric chloride, Sulema
CAS Number: 7487-94-7
Sum Formula: HgCl₂
Molar Mass: 271.50 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or colorless crystals
Mercury(II) chloride is an inorganic compound composed of mercury in the +2 oxidation state and chloride ions. It is highly toxic and corrosive, historically used in a range of chemical, metallurgical, and preservation applications, although its use is now highly restricted.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 5.43 g/cm³
Melting Point: 276°C (sublimes)
Boiling Point: Decomposes at higher temperatures
Solubility in Water: Moderately soluble (7.4 g/100 mL at 20°C)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone
Odor: Odorless
Applications
Organic Synthesis: Used as a reagent for chlorination and oxidation reactions in controlled settings.
Analytical Chemistry: Employed in certain specialized qualitative and quantitative tests.
Catalysis: Studied in specific catalytic processes involving mercury compounds.
Historical Use: Formerly used in wood preservation, disinfectants, and photographic processing (now largely discontinued due to toxicity).
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H300+H310 (17.4%): Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]
H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H310 (26.6%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]
H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]
H317 (47.7%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]
H318 (47.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H341 (99.5%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]
H361 (99.5%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]
H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P391, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture and incompatible substances such as ammonia, acetylene, and strong reducing agents.
Handling Precautions: Handle only in a fume hood or controlled environment using full personal protective equipment. Mercury compounds must be treated with extreme caution due to their high toxicity.