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Lead(II) oxide
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Description
Lead(II) Oxide
Other Names: Lead monoxide, Litharge, Massicot, Plumbous oxide, Galena (note: galena more commonly refers to PbS)
CAS Number: 1317-36-8
Sum Formula: PbO
Molar Mass: 223.20 g/mol
Appearance: Yellow or reddish-orange crystalline solid (color depends on preparation method and temperature)
Lead(II) oxide is an inorganic compound of lead in its +2 oxidation state. It exists in two polymorphs: the red tetragonal form (litharge) and the yellow orthorhombic form (massicot). PbO is a major precursor in lead-based ceramics, glass, and pigments and is also used in metallurgy and chemical manufacturing.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 9.53 g/cm³ (litharge)
Melting Point: 888°C
Boiling Point: 1470°C (decomposes)
Solubility in Water: Insoluble (slightly soluble in hot water)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in acids and alkalis; insoluble in alcohol
Odor: Odorless
Applications
Glass and Ceramics Industry: Used in lead crystal glass and ceramic glazes.
Battery Manufacturing: Component in lead-acid battery electrodes.
Pigments: Employed in the production of certain yellow and red lead-based pigments.
Metallurgy: Fluxing agent and oxidizing agent in smelting operations.
Chemical Industry: Precursor for other lead(II) compounds.
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H360 (100%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]
H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]
H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P317, P318, P319, P330, P391, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep away from acids and incompatible materials.
Handling Precautions: Handle in a fume hood or with proper local exhaust ventilation. Use appropriate PPE to avoid inhalation or skin contact. Follow strict hygiene procedures due to its cumulative toxicity and reproductive hazards.