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Hydrofluoric Acid 40% Aqueous Solution
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Description
Hydrofluoric Acid 40% Aqueous Solution
Other Names: HF solution, Hydrogen fluoride solution
CAS Number: 7664-39-3
Sum Formula: HF
Molar Mass: 20.01 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor
Hydrofluoric acid is a highly corrosive and toxic aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride. Unlike most mineral acids, HF can attack glass, silica, and many silicates, making it an important reagent in metal treatment, glass etching, semiconductor processing, and specialized laboratory chemistry. Its extreme toxicity and ability to deeply penetrate tissue make it one of the most hazardous laboratory and industrial chemicals.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Concentration: 40% (w/w) in water
Density: ~1.13 g/cm³ (20°C)
Boiling Point: ~105°C
Vapor Pressure: ~20 mmHg (20°C)
Solubility: Completely miscible with water
Stability: Reacts with glass and silicates; incompatible with bases and metals
Applications
Used in glass etching and cleaning processes
Applied in metal pickling and surface treatment
Essential in semiconductor and electronics manufacturing
Laboratory reagent for specialized inorganic and fluorine chemistry
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]
H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]
H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediate, prolonged rinsing with water. Get urgent medical attention
Skin Contact: Rinse with water. Apply calcium gluconate gel if available and seek emergency treatment
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek immediate medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek urgent medical care
Handling and Storage
Store in plastic (e.g., PTFE or polyethylene) containers only – never glass
Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Protect from incompatible materials such as bases, glass, and reactive metals
Always handle under a fume hood with full protective equipment