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Ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate
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Description
Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate Hexahydrate
Other Names: Struvite, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate
CAS Number: 7803-55-6
Sum Formula: NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O
Molar Mass: 245.41 g/mol
Appearance: White to colorless crystalline solid
Ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate, commonly known as struvite, is a crystalline compound composed of ammonium, magnesium, and phosphate ions, with six water molecules of hydration. It is found both in nature and as a biomineral in wastewater treatment and medical contexts (such as kidney stones). In industrial and laboratory settings, it is studied for its precipitation behavior and recovery of nutrients from aqueous solutions.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: ~1.7 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes upon heating
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Practically insoluble in alcohol and organic solvents
Odor: Odorless
Applications
Water Treatment: Investigated and applied in nutrient recovery processes to extract ammonia and phosphate from wastewater via precipitation.
Fertilizer Research: Studied for slow-release fertilizer properties due to its content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium.
Analytical Chemistry: Used as a reagent or standard in some analytical methods involving phosphate or magnesium ion quantification.
Safety
Signal Word: Warning
H301 (94.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (73.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (95.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H330 (70.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H332 (22.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H335 (73.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]
H341 (51.6%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]
H361 (10%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
H361d (11.8%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
H372 (21.8%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]
H411 (21.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a dry, well-ventilated area in a tightly sealed container. Protect from moisture and incompatible materials such as strong acids.
Handling Precautions: Avoid generation of dust. Use appropriate protective equipment. Avoid contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.