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Ammonium dichromate
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Description
Ammonium Dichromate
Other Names: Dichromic acid, ammonium salt; (NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇
CAS Number: 7789-09-5
Chemical Formula: (NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇
Molar Mass: 252.06 g/mol
Appearance: Bright orange to red-orange crystalline solid
Description:
Ammonium dichromate is a crystalline, highly oxidizing inorganic compound composed of ammonium and dichromate ions. It is well known for its vigorous thermal decomposition, producing sparks and a dark green residue of chromium(III) oxide. It is primarily used in pyrotechnics, photography, lithography, and as a laboratory reagent.
Chemical and Physical Properties
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Density: 2.15 g/cm³
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Melting Point: 170°C (decomposes)
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Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
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Solubility in Water: 285 g/L at 20°C (very soluble)
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Solubility in Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in alcohol
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Odor: Odorless or slight ammonia smell
Applications
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Pyrotechnics: Produces heat, sparks, and colored flames in fireworks and chemical demonstrations.
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Analytical Chemistry: Used in volumetric analysis and as an oxidizing agent.
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Photography and Lithography: Historically used in sensitizing processes.
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Demonstrations: Famous for the "volcano" decomposition experiment in teaching.
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H272 (99.5%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]
H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]
H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]
H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]
H318 (54.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H334 (100%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]
H340 (100%): May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]
H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]
H360 (45.9%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]
H360FD (53.6%): May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]
H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]
H400 (99.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P203, P210, P220, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
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Handling Precautions: Handle with extreme care in a well-ventilated area. Avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes. Do not mix with combustible materials.
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Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances such as reducing agents, organic materials, and strong acids.