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Ammonium Formate
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Description
Ammonium Formate
Other Names: Formic acid ammonium salt
CAS Number: 540-69-2
Sum Formula: NH₄HCO₂
Molar Mass: 63.06 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Ammonium formate is a white, hygroscopic salt formed by the neutralization of formic acid with ammonia. It is commonly used in organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and reduction reactions, especially in the presence of palladium catalysts. It decomposes upon heating, releasing formamide and water, making it useful in controlled decomposition applications.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: ~1.28 g/cm³
Melting Point: ~116–120°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Slightly soluble in alcohols; insoluble in non-polar solvents
Odor: Slight ammonia-like
Stability: Hygroscopic; decomposes when heated
Applications
Used in transfer hydrogenation reactions in organic synthesis
Acts as a reducing agent for nitro compounds and imines
Applied in HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) buffers
Used in decomposition studies and gas generation reactions
Intermediate in the preparation of formamide and related compounds
Safety
Signal Word: Warning
H315 (66.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (82.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H335 (65.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]
First Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation occurs
Skin Contact: Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. If symptoms occur, seek medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical help if unwell
Handling and Storage
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place in a tightly sealed container
Protect from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight
Avoid dust formation; use proper PPE during handling
Keep away from oxidizing agents and acids