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Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ; N,N,N-tributyl-1-butanaminium bromide, TBAB, TBABr, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide
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Description
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB, TBABr)
Other Names: N,N,N-tributyl-1-butanaminium bromide, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide
CAS Number: 1643-19-2
EC Number: 216-699-2
Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₃₆BrN
Molar Mass: 322.37 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Tetrabutylammonium bromide is a quaternary ammonium salt widely used as a phase-transfer catalyst in organic synthesis. Its structure contains a bulky tetraalkylammonium cation paired with a bromide anion, enabling solubilization of inorganic salts in organic solvents. It plays a crucial role in facilitating reactions between reactants in different phases.
Chemical and Physical Properties
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Density: ~1.04 g/cm³
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Melting Point: 103–106°C
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Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
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Solubility in Water: Soluble
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Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in alcohols, chloroform, acetonitrile, and other polar organic solvents
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Odor: Odorless
Applications
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Phase-Transfer Catalyst: Facilitates nucleophilic substitution and alkylation reactions in two-phase systems.
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Electrochemistry: Acts as a supporting electrolyte in non-aqueous electrochemical experiments.
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Organic Synthesis: Used in oxidation, halogenation, and polymerization reactions.
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Research Laboratories: Common reagent in preparative and analytical chemistry.
Safety
Signal Word: Warning
H302 (43.2%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (84.7%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (86.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H335 (42.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]
H361 (16.8%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
H411 (23.7%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
H412 (40.9%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Avoid contact with moisture, acids, and strong oxidizers. Handle in accordance with standard laboratory safety practices.