CATEGORIES
- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS(1305)
- Alcohols(83)
- Aldehydes(60)
- Alkyl nitrites(6)
- Amines(89)
- Aminoacids(75)
- Amides(33)
- Anhydrides(9)
- Acyl Halides(5)
- Carboxylic Acids(209)
- Dyes and Indicators(104)
- Esters(52)
- Ethers(17)
- Organic Halogens (Organohalides)(39)
- Heterocycles(25)
- Hydrocarbons(41)
- Imides(2)
- Ketones(33)
- Lactams(4)
- Lactones(14)
- Mixed solvents(15)
- Nitro Compounds(15)
- Nitriles(9)
- Organic salts(68)
- Phenols(37)
- Polymers ( HMW compounds )(72)
- Sugars (Saccharides)(21)
- Silicoorgano and Phosphoorganocompounds(1)
- Peptides(1)
- Terpenes(22)
- Others(145)
- INORGANIC COMPOUNDS(1001)
- LAB EQUIPMENT(5338)
- *(1)
- Organic Synthesis(536)
- Industry(840)
Language
US version allows shipping to all available destinations
MANUFACTURER
Organic halogens (organohalides) are compounds where a halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) is covalently bonded to carbon, typically written R–X or Ar–X. The polarized C–X bond makes them foundational functional groups in synthesis, serving both as electrophiles and as versatile precursors to many other functional groups.
2-Chloroethanol
60,00 zł
Net price: 48,78 zł
2-phenylethyl bromide (2-Bromoethyl)benzene
797,20 zł
Net price: 658,84 zł
Benzyl Chloride | Pure
300,00 zł
Net price: 243,90 zł
Cetrimonium Bromide CTAB Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide : Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide - 1000g
1 793,70 zł
Net price: 1 458,29 zł
Chlorobenzene Phenyl Chloride Pure - 500ml
99,65 zł
Net price: 81,02 zł
Chlorobenzene Phenyl Chloride Pure 100mL - 100ml
39,86 zł
Net price: 32,41 zł
Chlorobenzene Phenyl Chloride Pure 1L - 1000ml
179,37 zł
Net price: 145,83 zł
Chloroform
1 000,00 zł
Net price: 813,01 zł
Dichloromethane DCM Methylene Chloride Solvent - 5000ml
239,16 zł
Net price: 194,44 zł
Dichloromethane DCM Methylene Chloride Solvent 500ml
35,87 zł
Net price: 29,16 zł
Dichloromethane DCM Methylene Chloride Solvent - 1000ml
59,79 zł
Net price: 48,61 zł
Dichloromethane DCM Methylene Chloride Solvent - 1ml
36,80 zł
Net price: 29,92 zł
Dichloromethane DCM Methylene Chloride Solvent 10ml
9,20 zł
Net price: 7,48 zł
Dichloromethane DCM Methylene Chloride Solvent 1L = 15 eur - 100ml
15,94 zł
Net price: 12,96 zł
![Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 100g](/environment/cache/images/productGfx_373_200_200/92b7141f60b6359314da1bc033b7663f.jpg?overlay=1)
Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 100g
797,20 zł
Net price: 648,13 zł
![Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 10g](/environment/cache/images/productGfx_377_200_200/436158159288388777d53e6986493195.jpg?overlay=1)
Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 10g
119,58 zł
Net price: 97,22 zł
![Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 250g](/environment/cache/images/productGfx_371_200_200/6f9c134cc7b9e61adc6e82d454e52f0a.jpg?overlay=1)
Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 250g
1 793,70 zł
Net price: 1 458,29 zł
![Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 25g](/environment/cache/images/productGfx_376_200_200/fbc96f35aae36e52f82b569bfa7d0486.jpg?overlay=1)
Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 25g
239,16 zł
Net price: 194,44 zł
![Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 500g](/environment/cache/images/productGfx_369_200_200/d5430712a0849f2c06a0af9e31096285.jpg?overlay=1)
Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 500g
3 388,09 zł
Net price: 2 754,54 zł
![Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 50g](/environment/cache/images/productGfx_375_200_200/2388310893bf785fc39baaddab5b0eed.jpg?overlay=1)
Diiodomethane : MI : Methylene Iodide - Simmons Smith Reaction [ CAS: 75-11-6 ] - 50g
398,60 zł
Net price: 324,07 zł
Ethylene Chloride ( Ethylene Dichloride ) 1,2 - Dichloroethane Pure - 10ml
19,93 zł
Net price: 16,20 zł
Ethylene Chloride ( Ethylene Dichloride ) 1,2 - Dichloroethane Pure - 100ml
59,79 zł
Net price: 48,61 zł
Ethylene Chloride ( Ethylene Dichloride ) 1,2 - Dichloroethane Pure - 500ml
159,44 zł
Net price: 129,63 zł
Ethylene Chloride ( Ethylene Dichloride ) 1,2 - Dichloroethane Pure 1000ml - 1000ml
279,02 zł
Net price: 226,85 zł
Ethylene Chloride ( Ethylene Dichloride ) 1,2 - Dichloroethane Pure 5L - 5000ml
996,50 zł
Net price: 810,16 zł
Organohalides are classified by the hybridization and environment of the carbon bearing the halogen: alkyl halides (sp³ C–X), vinylic halides (sp² on alkenes), aryl halides (sp² on aromatic rings), and allylic/benzylic halides, which are especially reactive due to resonance stabilization of intermediates. The C–X bond is polarized toward halogen (Cδ+–Xδ−), and bond strength follows C–F > C–Cl > C–Br > C–I, while leaving-group ability trends oppositely (I⁻ > Br⁻ > Cl⁻ ≫ F⁻). These trends largely control substitution, elimination, and metal-coupling behavior.
Reactivity and mechanisms.
-
Nucleophilic substitution: Primary and many secondary alkyl halides undergo S_N2 reactions with strong nucleophiles, giving inversion of configuration. Tertiary halides favor S_N1 pathways via carbocations, enabling racemization and rearrangements. Benzylic and allylic halides are accelerated in both S_N1 and S_N2 due to resonance.
-
Elimination: Under basic conditions, β-elimination (E2 or E1) yields alkenes, with Zaitsev vs. Hofmann regioselectivity governed by base size and substrate structure.
-
Organometallic formation: C–X bonds can be transformed into C–Mg (Grignard) or C–Li reagents, enabling carbon–carbon bond construction, though vinylic/aryl halides require different conditions.
-
Cross-coupling: Aryl and vinyl halides are key electrophiles in Pd/Ni-catalyzed couplings (Suzuki, Heck, Negishi, Kumada, etc.), where oxidative addition into C–X is often rate-determining and facilitated by I/Br over Cl, while aryl fluorides are generally inert unless activated.
Synthesis.
Alkyl halides are commonly prepared by substituting alcohols (HX, SOCl₂, PBr₃, Appel conditions), by radical halogenation of alkanes (Cl₂/Br₂, hν), or by electrophilic addition of HX/X₂ to alkenes. Aryl halides are made via electrophilic aromatic substitution (halogenation) or via diazonium chemistry for chlorination/bromination/iodination, while fluorination often uses specialized reagents due to fluorine’s unique reactivity.
Properties and applications.
Introducing halogens increases molecular lipophilicity and can strongly tune electronics, acidity, and metabolic stability—one reason organohalides are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers (e.g., PVC, PTFE). Environmentally, some organohalogens persist and bioaccumulate (notably certain chlorinated/brominated compounds), so their design and disposal are important in green chemistry.