Gamma-walerolakton

Gamma-Valerolactone
Other Names: GVL, 4-Pentanolide, Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone

CAS Number: 108-29-2
Sum Formula: C₅H₈O₂
Molar Mass: 100.12 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid

Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a cyclic ester (lactone) derived from levulinic acid. It is a stable, polar aprotic solvent and chemical intermediate used in green chemistry, biomass conversion, and specialty chemical synthesis. Its physicochemical properties make it a versatile compound in modern industrial chemistry.

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Density: 1.06 g/cm³ (at 20°C)

• Melting Point: -31°C

• Boiling Point: 207°C

• Solubility in Water: Miscible

• Solubility in Other Solvents: Miscible with alcohols, ketones, and ethers

• Odor: Mild, sweet, ester-like

• Vapor Pressure: ~0.2 mmHg (at 25°C)

• Refractive Index: ~1.44

Applications

• Green Solvent: Used in environmentally friendly solvent systems for extraction and catalysis

• Bio-based Chemical Intermediate: Precursor for fuels, monomers, and fine chemicals derived from biomass

• Polymer Chemistry: Intermediate in the synthesis of bio-based resins and polyesters

• Catalysis and Reaction Medium: Suitable as a medium for acid/base-catalyzed transformations

Safety

First Aid Measures

• Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for several minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists

• Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Seek medical help if symptoms develop

• Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if discomfort occurs

Handling and Storage

• Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers. Protect from moisture and ignition sources

• Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation and prolonged skin contact. Use personal protective equipment and adequate ventilation