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Opis
Bromine Water
Other Names: Dibromine solution, Molecular bromine in water, Aqueous bromine, Br₂(aq)
CAS Number: 7726-95-6
Sum Formula: Br₂
Molar Mass: 159.81 g/mol
Appearance: Yellow to reddish-brown liquid (depending on concentration)
Bromine water is a dilute aqueous solution of elemental bromine (Br₂), a diatomic halogen. The solution is typically prepared by dissolving bromine gas in water, where it partially reacts to form hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hydrobromic acid (HBr). It is commonly used as a reagent in organic and analytical chemistry.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density (of aqueous solution): Depends on concentration; approx. 1.05–1.20 g/cm³
Melting Point (Br₂): –7.2°C
Boiling Point (Br₂): 58.8°C
Solubility in Water: Soluble (reacts to form HOBr and HBr)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents like carbon disulfide, chloroform
Odor: Pungent, irritating odor
Applications
Organic Chemistry: Used as a test reagent for unsaturation (alkenes and alkynes via bromine addition).
Analytical Chemistry: Reagent in oxidation-reduction and halogenation reactions.
Inorganic Chemistry: Reactant in the synthesis of bromine-containing compounds.
Educational Demonstrations: Used in laboratory tests for alkenes and phenols.
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H314 (99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]
H318 (39.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H330 (99.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H400 (99.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
P260, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed glass containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat, light, and incompatible substances such as organic materials and reducing agents.
Handling Precautions: Use only in fume hoods or well-ventilated areas. Avoid direct contact and inhalation. Handle with full protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves and goggles.