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Producenci
Chloroform
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Opis
Chloroform
Other Names: Trichloromethane, Freon 20, Methane trichloride, Methyl trichloride, Methenyl trichloride, Methenyl chloride, Refrigerant-20
CAS Number: 67-66-3
Sum Formula: CHCl₃
Molar Mass: 119.37 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid
Chloroform is a trihalomethane and a dense, nonflammable liquid widely used as an industrial solvent and in organic synthesis. It has a distinct sweet odor and has been used historically as an anesthetic (now discontinued due to toxicity). It is miscible with many organic solvents and forms azeotropes with various compounds.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 1.489 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
Melting Point: –63.5°C
Boiling Point: 61.2°C
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble (~8 g/L at 20°C)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, and many organic solvents
Odor: Sweet, chloroform-like odor
Applications
Organic Synthesis: Used as a reagent or solvent in reactions such as chlorination, cyclopropanation, and Grignard reactions.
Solvent: Applied in resins, alkaloids, greases, and oils.
Extraction Agent: Used in laboratories for separation and purification processes.
Industrial Chemistry: Employed in the production of refrigerants such as HCFC-22 and other fluorocarbons.
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H302 (94.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]
H319 (64.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H331 (60.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H336 (16.3%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]
H351 (> 99.9%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]
H361 (54.8%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
H361d (11%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]
H372 (63.8%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]
H373 (69.5%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]
P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from light, heat, and incompatible materials such as strong bases and oxidizing agents.
Handling Precautions: Use in fume hoods. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Handle with proper protective equipment and avoid prolonged exposure.