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Ammonium Fluoride
Other Names: Neutral ammonium fluoride
CAS Number: 12125-01-8
Sum Formula: NH₄F
Molar Mass: 37.04 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid or powder
Ammonium fluoride is an inorganic compound consisting of ammonium and fluoride ions. It is highly soluble in water and used in etching, cleaning, and surface treatment applications, particularly for glass and silicon. It behaves similarly to hydrofluoric acid in solution due to the equilibrium with hydrogen fluoride.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Density: 1.009 g/cm³
Melting Point: 100°C (with decomposition and sublimation)
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Solubility in Water: Very soluble (83 g/100 mL at 20°C)
Solubility in Other Solvents: Slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in most organic solvents
Odor: Slight ammonia-like odor
Applications
Etching and Cleaning: Used in glass and metal surface etching, especially in semiconductor manufacturing.
Analytical Chemistry: Applied in fluoride ion detection and as a reagent in complexometric titrations.
Textile Industry: Used in dyeing processes and to modify surface properties of fabrics.
Chemical Synthesis: Precursor for the generation of HF in situ and for fluorination reactions.
Surface Treatments: Involved in formulations for cleaning and pre-treatment of ceramics and electronics.
Safety
Signal Word: Danger
H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H311 (98.7%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]
H314 (14.7%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]
H318 (16.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H331 (99.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501
Handling and Storage
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture, acids, and incompatible substances like strong oxidizing agents.
Handling Precautions: Handle with extreme care. Use appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and chemical-resistant clothing. Use in a fume hood or well-ventilated area.