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Diethyl Ether (Ethyl Ether)
Chemical Formula: C₄H₁₀O
Molar Mass: 74.12 g/mol
CAS Number: 60-29-7
Appearance: Colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor

Diethyl ether is a highly flammable, low-boiling-point organic solvent widely used in laboratories and industrial applications. It exhibits excellent solvent properties for a wide range of non-polar and moderately polar compounds. Due to its volatility and low flash point, it requires careful handling and storage.

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Density: ~0.713 g/cm³ at 20 °C

• Melting Point: −116.3 °C

• Boiling Point: 34.6 °C

• Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble (6.05 g/100 mL at 25 °C)

• Miscibility: Miscible with alcohols, chloroform, acetone, and other organic solvents

• Vapor Pressure: 440 mmHg at 20 °C

• Flash Point: −45 °C (closed cup)

• Autoignition Temperature: ~160 °C

• Explosive Limits: 1.9% (LEL) – 48.0% (UEL)

Applications

Laboratory Solvent

• Commonly used for extraction, recrystallization, and sample preparation of non-polar or slightly polar compounds.

Chemical Synthesis

• Acts as a reaction medium in organic chemistry and in the preparation of compounds including organometallic reagents.

Fuel Additive

• Utilized in engine starting fluids due to its volatility and ease of ignition.

Industrial Cleaning

• Applied in some industrial degreasing processes where rapid solvent evaporation is desired.

Safety

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statements:

• H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor

• H302: Harmful if swallowed

• H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness

• EUH019: May form explosive peroxides

• EUH066: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking

Precautionary Statements:

• P210: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces – No smoking

• P233: Keep container tightly closed

• P240: Ground and bond container and receiving equipment

• P241: Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting equipment

• P242: Use only non-sparking tools

• P243: Take precautionary measures against static discharge

• P261: Avoid breathing vapors

• P264: Wash skin thoroughly after handling

• P270: Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product

• P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area

• P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water

• P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing

• P305+P351+P338+P310: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor

• P370+P378: In case of fire: Use dry chemical, CO₂, or alcohol-resistant foam to extinguish

• P403+P235: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool

• P501: Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national regulations

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Seek medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water. If irritation occurs, seek medical advice.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical assistance.

Handling and Storage

• Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep containers tightly closed and protected from light.

• Handling Precautions: Avoid static discharge. Use spark-free tools and explosion-proof equipment. Monitor for peroxide formation, especially after prolonged storage.

• Compatibility: Incompatible with oxidizing agents, acids, and peroxides.

Environmental Considerations

Diethyl ether is volatile and may contribute to ground-level ozone formation. Prevent spills from entering waterways or soil. Waste should be handled as hazardous and disposed of according to environmental regulations.